video streaming recommended kbps for diffrerent resolutions

AjayJanuary 15, 2014

recommended kbps for streaming Based on your available outbound bandwidth, choose the one highest quality from below that you can reliably stream. YouTube will automatically create all of the lower qualities. Remember to account for your backup stream.

Example: If you have 10M dedicated bandwidth for your encoder, you could safely choose to stream 720p quality. 4M for primary encoder, 4M for backup encoder, with room for overhead.

As per adobe.com here is the table

Recommended bit rates for live streaming

Video size types	Video size	4:3 aspect size	16:9 aspect size	Total bit rate (Kbps)

QCIF	176×144	144×108 192×144	192×108 256×144	48 96
CIF	352×288	288×216 320×240	384×216 384×216	300 500
D1	720×486	640×480 640×480	852×480 852×480	800 1200
HD	1280×720	– –	1280×720 1280×720	1800 2400

for youtube , please see the table below

	240p	360p	480p	720p	1080p
Resolution	426 x 240	640 x 360	854×480	1280×720	1920×1080
Video Bitrates
Maximum	700 Kbps	1000 Kbps	2000 Kbps	4000 Kbps	6000 Kbps
Recommended	400 Kbps	750 Kbps	1000 Kbps	2500 Kbps	4500 Kbps
Minimum	300 Kbps	400 Kbps	500 Kbps	1500 Kbps	3000 Kbps

HOW TO RECOVER DELETED FILES IN UBUNTU

AjayJanuary 14, 2014

It is always recommended that you unmount a device immediately after you realise you’ve deleted important files, to prevent the data blocks of those files from being overwritten with other data. Thus, you should ideally shut down the system, and do the recovery process by booting from a Live CD/USB, and then searching the partition that contained the files (e.g., /dev/sda1). I am using the Ubuntu 10.04 32-bit desktop edition, and the information here is specific to that distro.

Foremost and Scalpel are not interested in the underlying filesystem. They simply expect the data blocks of the files to reside sequentially in the image under investigation. The tools will find images in dd dumps, RAM dumps, or swap files. Carving will help to identify and reconstruct files on corrupt filesystems, in slack space, or even after installation of a new operating system, as long as the required data blocks still exist.

Method 1 to recover deleted files in Ubuntu: Scapel

Scalpel is a fast file carver that reads a database of header and footer definitions and extracts matching files from a set of image files or raw device files. Scalpel is filesystem-independent and will carve files from FATx, NTFS, ext2/3, or raw partitions. It is useful for both digital forensics investigation and file recovery. This short article shows how you can use Scalpel to recover deleted files.In Ubuntu, Scalpel can be installed as follows:

apt-get install scalpel

Before we can use Scalpel, we must define some file types that Scalpel should search for in /etc/scalpel/scalpel.conf. By default, all file types are commented out. Uncomment the lines you want, for instance if you want to recover PDF files:

Press Alt + F2 and type: gedit /etc/scalpel/scalpel.conf

and uncomment these lines:

       pdf     y       5000000 %PDF  %EOF\x0d  REVERSE
     pdf     y       5000000 %PDF  %EOF\x0a  REVERSE

Scalpel can be used as follows to try to recover the files:

scalpel /dev/sda1 -o output

-o defines the directory where Scalpel will place the recovered files – in this case the directory is named output and is a subdirectory of the directory where we are running the scalpel command from; the directory must not exist because otherwise scalpel will refuse to start.

After Scalpel has finished, you will find a folder called output in the directory from where you called Scalpel. The audit.txt contains a summary of what Scalpel has done and the pdf-0-0/ subdirectory contains the pdf files that Scalpel has recovered.

Before you run Scalpel the next time from the same directory, you must either delete/rename the current output/ directory (because Scalpel will not start if the output directory is already existing) or use specify another output directory.

Method 2 for recovering deleted files in Ubuntu: Foremost

Foremost is a console program to recover files based on their headers, footers, and internal data structures. This process is commonly referred to as data carving. Foremost can work on image files, such as those generated by dd, Safeback, Encase, etc, or directly on a drive. The headers and footers can be specified by a configuration file or you can use command line switches to specify built-in file types. These built-in types look at the data structures of a given file format allowing for a more reliable and faster recovery.

Install foremost in Ubuntu

sudo aptitude install foremost

This will complete the installation.

Using Foremost

Foremost Syntax

foremost  [-h][-V][-d][-vqwQT][-b<blocksize>][-o<dir>] [-t<type>][-s<num>][-i<file>]

Available Options

-h Show a help screen and exit.
-V Show copyright information and exit.
-d Turn on indirect block detection, this works well for Unix file systems.
-T Time stamp the output directory so you don’t have to delete the output dir when running multiple times.
-v Enables verbose mode. This causes more information regarding the current state of the program to be dis-played on the screen, and is highly recommended.
-q Enables quick mode. In quick mode, only the start of each sector is searched for matching headers. That is,the header is searched only up to the length of the longest header. The rest of the sector, usually about 500 bytes, is ignored. This mode makes foremost run con- siderably faster, but it may cause you to miss files that are embedded in other files. For example, using quick mode you will not be able to find JPEG images embedded in Microsoft Word documents.

Quick mode should not be used when examining NTFS file systems. Because NTFS will store small files inside the Master File Table, these files will be missed during quick mode.

-Q Enables Quiet mode. Most error messages will be sup-pressed.
-w Enables write audit only mode. No files will be extracted.
-a Enables write all headers, perform no error detection in terms of corrupted files.
-b number Allows you to specify the block size used in foremost. This is relevant for file naming and quick searches. The default is 512. ie. foremost -b 1024 image.dd

-k number Allows you to specify the chunk size used in foremost.This can improve speed if you have enough RAM to fit the image in. It reduces the checking that occurs between chunks of the buffer. For example if you had > 500MB of RAM. ie. foremost -k 500 image.dd

-i file The file is used as the input file. If no input file is specified or the input file cannot be read then stdin is used.

-o directory Recovered files are written to the directory directory.

-c file Sets the configuration file to use. If none is speci-fied, the file “foremost.conf” from the current direc-tory is used, if that doesn’t exist then “/etc/fore-most.conf” is used. The format for the configuration file is described in the default configuration file included with this program. See the CONFIGURATION FILE section below for more information.

-s number Skips number blocks in the input file before beginning the search for headers. ie.

foremost -s 512 -t  jpeg -i /dev/hda1

Foremost examples

Search for jpeg format skipping the first 100 blocks

sudo foremost -s 100 -t jpg -i image.dd

Only generate an audit file, and print to the screen (verbose mode)

sudo foremost -av image.dd

Search all defined types

sudo foremost -t all -i image.dd

Search for gif and pdf

sudo foremost -t gif,pdf -i image.dd

Search for office documents and jpeg files in a Unix file sys-tem in verbose mode.

sudo foremost -v -t ole,jpeg -i image.dd

Run the default case

sudo foremost image.dd

image.dd means you need to enter your hardisk mount point i.e /dev/sda1 or /dev/sda2

create an HTML button that acts like a Link

AjayJanuary 13, 2014

This is quiet simple

Put it in a <form> wherein you specify the desired target URL in the action attribute.

<form action="http://google.com">
    <input type="submit" value="Go to Google">
</form>

here is another veriation but didn’t test it yet..

<a href="http://www.ajayadas.com/">
    <button>click me</button>
</a>

Outlook 2003 – Download ALL Mail Content Using IMAP, Not Just Headers.

AjayJanuary 2, 2014

The problem is, that most clients do not download the full email, just the headers. The e-mail is downloaded and displayed when you click on it.

As I discovered during a five hour internet outage here last Saturday, you cannot read or edit e-mail, because it is stored on the web server. No internet, no e-mail.

Download ALL Mail Content Using IMAP

The Solution

The answer is to set your client to download the full e-mail, not just the headers. On this computer I am using Outlook 2003. Here is how to set it to download the full text of your email.

Note that my mail is stored on Gmail.

Go to: Tools > Send / Receive > Send / Receive Settings > Define Send / Receive Groups

or type <Control + Alt + S.>

This dialog box appears:

Click “Edit”

Tick the folders you want to download & Save.

Click Send/Receive.

Contents will then downloaded to local storage and be available offline.

Done! All e-mail should now be available offline, and be updated / syncronised when connected.

squid transparent proxy with single Ethernet interface (port)

AjayDecember 16, 2013

squid transparent proxy with single Ethernet interface (port)

#1: yum install squid

#2 vim /etc/squid/squid.conf

http_port 192.168.1.98:3128 transparent
hierarchy_stoplist cgi-bin ?
acl QUERY urlpath_regex cgi-bin \?
no_cache deny QUERY
auth_param basic children 5
auth_param basic realm Squid proxy-caching web server
auth_param basic credentialsttl 2 hours
refresh_pattern ^ftp: 1440 20% 10080
refresh_pattern ^gopher: 1440 0% 1440
refresh_pattern . 0 20% 4320
acl all src 0.0.0.0/0.0.0.0
acl manager proto cache_object
acl localhost src 127.0.0.1/255.255.255.255
acl to_localhost dst 127.0.0.0/8
acl SSL_ports port 443 563
acl CONNECT method CONNECT
acl PROTOS proto HTTP FTP HTTPS
http_access allow manager localhost
http_access deny manager
http_access deny !Safe_ports
http_access deny CONNECT !SSL_ports
http_access allow localhost
http_access deny to_localhost
acl our_networks src 192.168.1.0/24
http_access allow our_networks
http_access allow PROTOS
http_access deny all
http_reply_access allow all
icp_access allow all
coredump_dir /var/spool/squid
access_log /var/log/squid/access.log

#4: iptables routing

/sbin/iptables –table nat –append PREROUTING –in-interface eth0 -s 192.168.1.0/24 –protocol tcp –destination-port 80 –jump REDIRECT –to-port 3128

#5:# service iptables save
# chkconfig iptables on

#6 # /etc/init.d/squid restart
# chkconfig squid on

note:

i also find a firewall script for squid to work transparent, Make this script executable and run it at startup, for example within /etc/rc.local.

#!/bin/sh
# Squid server IP#SQUID_SERVER=”192.168.2.253″SQUID_SERVER=”10.0.0.1″# Interface connected to InternetINTERNET=”eth0″
# Address connected to LANLOCAL=”10.0.0.0/24″
# Squid portSQUID_PORT=”3128″
# Clean old firewalliptables -Fiptables -Xiptables -t nat -Fiptables -t nat -Xiptables -t mangle -Fiptables -t mangle -X
# Enable Forwardingecho 1 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward
# Setting default filter policyiptables -P INPUT DROPiptables -P OUTPUT ACCEPT
# Unlimited access to loop backiptables -A INPUT -i lo -j ACCEPTiptables -A OUTPUT -o lo -j ACCEPT
# Allow UDP, DNS and Passive FTPiptables -A INPUT -i $INTERNET -m state –state ESTABLISHED,RELATED -j ACCEPT
# set this system as a router for Rest of LANiptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -o $INTERNET -j MASQUERADEiptables -A FORWARD -s $LOCAL -j ACCEPT
# unlimited access to LANiptables -A INPUT -s $LOCAL -j ACCEPTiptables -A OUTPUT -s $LOCAL -j ACCEPT
# DNAT port 80 request comming from LAN systems to squid 3128 ($SQUID_PORT) aka transparent proxyiptables -t nat -A PREROUTING -s $LOCAL -p tcp –dport 80 -j DNAT –to $SQUID_SERVER:$SQUID_PORT
# if it is same systemiptables -t nat -A PREROUTING -i $INTERNET -p tcp –dport 80 -j REDIRECT –to-port $SQUID_PORT
#open everythingiptables -A INPUT -i $INTERNET -j ACCEPTiptables -A OUTPUT -o $INTERNET -j ACCEPT
# DROP everything and Log itiptables -A INPUT -j LOGiptables -A INPUT -j DROP